ISSN: 2636-8498
What is the role of environmental stress on public health? Asymmetric evidence on carbon emissions, ecological footprint, and load capacity factor
1Department of Public Finance, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Türkiye
2Department of Capital Markets and Portfolio Management, İstanbul Nişantaşı University, İstanbul, Türkiye
Environmental Research & Technology 2024; 3(7): 291-302 DOI: 10.35208/ert.1419914
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Abstract

The aim of this paper is to analyze the effects of carbon emission, ecological footprint, which takes into account the demand side of the environment, and load capacity factor, which takes into account both the supply and demand sides of the environment, on health expenditures with conventional and quantile methods. According to the conventional co-integration ap-proach, there is no relationship between the environment and health expenditures. The other side, the findings obtained from the quantile co-integration method, which can give robust results in the presence of tailed distributions and possible endogeneity problems and consider the asymmetric structure in the data set, show the existence of a long-term relationship be-tween the variables. According to the coefficient estimates, while carbon emission and ecolog-ical footprint increase health expenditures, the load capacity factor decreases.